The core of the work of an electric arc furnace lies in the high temperature generated by the arc. When three graphite electrodes are inserted into the furnace charge, a strong arc is formed between the electrodes and the charge, instantly generating a high temperature of over 3000 ℃, enough to melt various metal raw materials. This method of directly converting electrical energy into thermal energy has a much higher thermal efficiency than traditional fuel heating, greatly shortening the smelting cycle. Compared with traditional equipment such as converters, electric arc furnaces have extremely strong adaptability to raw materials. It can not only use pig iron, but also extensively utilize scrap steel as raw material, which has special significance in today's increasingly valued resource recycling. According to statistics, a modern electric arc furnace can increase the utilization rate of scrap steel to over 90%, effectively reducing the resource consumption and environmental pressure caused by iron ore mining, and opening up a new path for the green development of the steel industry.