Electric arc furnace: the core force of industrial melting. In the complex system of industrial production, electric arc furnace occupies an extremely important position and can be regarded as the core force of industrial melting. Electric arc furnace is a type of equipment that uses arc energy to melt materials, and its operating principle involves the wonderful conversion of electrical energy and thermal energy. When current passes through the electrode and forms an arc between the electrode and the material inside the furnace, it can instantly release high temperatures of up to thousands of degrees Celsius, providing strong energy support for the melting process. The advantages of electric arc furnaces are significant, including flexibility. It can adapt to various production needs, whether it is large-scale steel production or small batch, high value-added special alloy melting, the electric arc furnace can handle it with ease. In steel manufacturing, electric arc furnaces can accurately control parameters such as temperature and atmosphere inside the furnace according to different steel grades, producing steel that meets various performance indicators. Moreover, the selection of raw materials for electric arc furnaces is relatively broad, which can use both * * iron ore and a large amount of recycled scrap steel. This not only reduces production costs, but also conforms to the concept of environmental protection and resource recycling. From the perspective of application scenarios, electric arc furnaces are present in multiple key industries. In the steel industry, it is an important guarantee for achieving steelmaking, greatly improving the efficiency and quality of steel production, and driving the continuous development of the steel industry. In the field of non-ferrous metals, electric arc furnaces have become ideal melting equipment for metals with high melting points and strict purity requirements, such as titanium and tungsten, due to their high temperature and precise control capabilities. In addition, in the research and production of some emerging materials, electric arc furnaces also play an irreplaceable role, helping the birth of new materials and providing material basis for technological progress. In recent years, with the rapid development of technology, electric arc furnaces have also been constantly innovated. **The automation control technology of electric arc furnace makes the operation more intelligent and stable, reduces human errors, and improves the reliability of production. At the same time, the application of energy-saving technology makes electric arc furnaces more energy-efficient during operation, reducing energy consumption costs and meeting the requirements of sustainable development. Electric arc furnaces, with their unique working principles, outstanding advantages, and wide applications, have become the backbone of the industrial smelting field. It not only provides solid support for current industrial production, but will also continue to play a key role in future technological development and industrial upgrading, taking industrial smelting to new heights.